Aggression

Aggression by vocalizing, using facial or body language signs or biting. Some types of aggression may actually be normal for the situation (play, possessive, protective, defensive) and usually stops when the dog achieves his goal. The types of aggression that might be considered abnormal are when the dog is overly fearful, anxious or reactive or if the aggression is excessive, doesn't stop when the threat is removed, or can't be attributed to anything specific. Regardless of the cause, if your dog shows any form of aggression, you should seek immediate professional help for safety and to prevent the aggression from becoming worse.

This article focuses on some of the most common forms of aggression that may develop as your puppy matures and how they can be prevented through:

selecting the right dog for the home

early handling

proper socialization during the puppy's sensitive period of development

reward based training rather than punishing undesirable behaviour.

Why are Some Dogs Aggressive?

Genetic factors play a strong role in not only whether a dog is likely to bite, but in what situations the dog might bite. Some breeds are selected for their protection or guarding ability, and many breeds instinctively chase moving objects, which can escalate into predation, especially in groups. Some dogs are genetically more fearful or anxious, which is a common cause of aggression. Selecting the right dog for the home is an important first step in preventing aggression.

In addition to genetics, socialization and learning (consequences) strongly influence whether or not a dog becomes aggressive. For instance, each time a dog displays aggression and is successful (i.e. the person or animal retreats), the behaviour is reinforced. On the other hand, if the person or animal shows fear or fights back, the dog may become more anxious and defensive in the next encounter. Owners aggravate the problem if they show anxiety or use any form of punishment creating a conditioned aversion when similar situations arise again.

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Teaching your puppy proper greeting behaviour and rewarding him each time he's successful can greatly reduce fear and protectiveness towards strangers. First, have him learn to greet family members by teaching him to sit, lie down or give a paw for treats. Then, move on to new people. Conversely, punishing your dog for barking, lunging or jumping up each time he meets a stranger or new pet can make him increasingly fearful or aggressive with each new greeting.


All forms of aggression are potentially dangerous. First, see your veterinarian who can rule out any underlying medical problems and help you choose the next course of action. While trainers can help with management and training, training alone won't improve most aggression problems. Generally, you need to consult with a veterinary or animal behaviourist who can make a diagnosis, determine the underlying cause of the aggression and whether a safe and effective treatment program is practical and advise on appropriate measures.

Treatment needs to be tailored to the specific dog, problem and household. This requires a combination of management to prevent recurrence, modifying the dog's temperament (occasionally with medication) and using behaviour modification and products to improve control and safety, such as head halters or muzzles.